Food Systems Dashboard

Country Dashboard
Nigeria
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Nigeria

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Assessing Food Systems Performance
Food Environments
Food affordability
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
Cost of a healthy diet relative to the cost of sufficient energy from starchy staples
Cost of an energy sufficient diet
Cost of fruits and vegetables relative to starchy staples in a least-cost healthy diet
Outcomes
Food security
Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity
Nutritional status
Adult obesity
Underweight in women
Stunting in children under 5 years
Anemia in women
Wasting in children under 5 years
Unlikely Challenge Area
Potential Challenge Area
Likely Challenge Area
Missing Data

Indicators

Drivers

Rice Methane Emissions

DriversEnvironment and climate change
5,548,660.5
Mg CO2e yr-1
2017
Source
 Carlson et al. 2017

Total Emissions

DriversEnvironment and climate change
6,486,575.3
Mg CO2e yr-1
2017
Source
 Carlson et al. 2017

Total GHG Emissions Excluding Land-Use Change and Forestry (MtCO2e)

DriversEnvironment and climate change
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Source
 CAIT

Total GHG Emissions Including Land-Use Change and Forestry (MtCO2e)

DriversEnvironment and climate change
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Source
 CAIT

Fertilizer Emissions

DriversEnvironment and climate change
937,914.8
Mg CO2e yr-1
2017
Source
 Carlson et al. 2017

GHG emissions from agriculture (MtCO2e)

DriversEnvironment and climate change
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Source
 CAIT

Peatland Draining Emissions

DriversEnvironment and climate change
0
Mg CO2e yr-1
2017
Source
 Carlson et al. 2017

Long-term average annual precipitation (mm/year)

DriversEnvironment and climate change
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Source
 FAO AQUASTAT

Trade as percentage of GDP (Percent)

DriversGlobalization and trade
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Source
 World Bank

Cereal import dependency ratio, 3 year average (cereal imports minus exports as a percent of total domestic supply) (Percent)

DriversGlobalization and trade
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Source
 FAOSTAT, Suite of Food Insecurity Indicators

Ratio of income share held by highest 20% to lowest 20% (Ratio)

DriversIncome growth and distribution
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Source
 World Bank

Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (Percent)

DriversIncome growth and distribution
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Source
 World Bank

Annual growth in GNI per capita (International dollars, PPP)

DriversIncome growth and distribution
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Source
 World Bank

World Bank income group classification

DriversIncome growth and distribution
2
Low income=1; Lower-middle income=2; Upper-middle income=3; High income=4
2019
Source
 World Bank

Gini index (Scale (0 - 100))

DriversIncome growth and distribution
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Source
 World Bank

Percent urban population of total population (Percent)

DriversUrbanization
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Source
 World Bank

Population growth (annual) (Percent)

DriversPopulation growth and migration
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Source
 World Bank

Total international migrant stock (Number)

DriversPopulation growth and migration
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Source
 United Nations Population Division

Population (Number)

DriversPopulation growth and migration
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Source
 World Bank

Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism index (Index [-2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong)])

DriversPolicies and leadership
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Source
 World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators

Voice and Accountability index (Index [-2.5 (weak) to 2.5 (strong)])

DriversPolicies and leadership
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Source
 World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators

Literacy rate, adult (ages 15+ years) (Percent)

DriversSocio-cultural Context
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Source
 UNESCO/World Bank

Lower secondary completion rate (total population at entrance age of last grade of secondary) (Percent)

DriversSocio-cultural Context
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Source
 UNESCO/World Bank

Food Supply Chains

Share of employment in agriculture (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 Labour force survey

Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added per worker (Constant 2010 US$)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 World Bank

Vegetable yield (Kg per hectare)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 FAO

Cereal yield (Kg per hectare)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 World Bank

Comprehensiveness of conservation of useful wild plants (Mean value)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
1.8
Percent
2019
Source
 Khoury et al (2019)

Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 World Bank

Percentage of cultivated land equipped for irrigation (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProduction systems and input supply
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Source
 FAO AQUASTAT

Percent of rural population with access to electricity (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 World Bank

Agricultural infrastructure index (Score (0-100, where 100 is best))

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 Economist Global Food Security Index Database

Road density

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
0.3
Km per square km of land area
2018
Source
 Calculated by Mekonnen, D. using data from the Annual Abstract of Statistics (2017) published by the National Bureau of Statistics
Definition
Meters of federal roads per squared kilometer of land area. Federal roads link economic and political centres within Nigeria, and link Nigeria to neighbouring countries.
Relevance
Road infrastructure reflects the ease and costs of mobility of people, goods and services, and is key for ensuring market access and efficient supply chains. Road density is higher in wealthier and more densely populated states. In rural, remote areas, lack of roads may limit yearlong access to nutritious foods.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Losses of fruit crops (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 FAO Food Balance Sheets

Losses of cereal crops (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 FAO Food Balance Sheets

Losses of pulse crops (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 FAO Food Balance Sheets

Losses of vegetable crops (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsStorage and distribution
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Source
 FAO Food Balance Sheets

Proportion of maize flour that is industrially processed

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
20
Percent
2017
Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Proportion of rice that is industrially processed (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
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Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Proportion of wheat flour that is industrially processed (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
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Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Salt fortification legislation

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
2
None=0; Voluntary=1; Mandatory=2
1992
Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Share of food, beverage and tobacco subsector value added in total value added of manufacturing sector (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
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Source
 World Bank

Wheat flour fortification legislation

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
2
Voluntary=1; Mandatory=2
2010
Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Coverage of iodized salt (Percent)

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
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Source
 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys and 2021 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Definition
Percentage of households consuming iodized salt.
Relevance
Iodized salt consumption is a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of iodine deficiency disorders. While most countries have salt fortification legislation, access to iodized salt may vary depending on surveillance efforts and regulation of fortification laws, fragmentation in the salt industry (with small-scale producers closer to the point of production less likely to fortify), and salt importation. Iodized salt access may also be lower among vulnerable sub-groups, including poor households and rural households, who may also lack awareness of the health benefits.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Oil fortification legislation

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
2
None=0; Voluntary=1; Mandatory=2
2000
Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Maize flour fortification legislation

Food Supply ChainsProcessing and packaging
2
Voluntary=1; Mandatory=2
2010
Source
 Global Fortification Data Exchange

Food Environments

Shannon diversity index (food supply)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
0.9
Scale (0 - 1)
2013
Source
 Remans et al (2014)

Share of dietary energy from cereals, roots and tubers (Percent)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT, Suite of Food Insecurity Indicators

Supply of milk (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of fish (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of eggs (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of fruit (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of meat (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of pulses (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Supply of vegetables (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT Food Balance Sheets

Average protein supply (g/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT, Suite of Food Insecurity Indicators

Dietary energy in food supply (kcal/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT

Nutrition functional diversity index (food supply)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
0.8
Scale (0 - 1)
2013
Source
 FAO

Per capita food supply variability (kcal/person/day)

Food EnvironmentsFood availability
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Source
 FAOSTAT, Suite of Food Insecurity Indicators

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Eggs

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
10.9
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Fats and oils

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
0.8
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Fish

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
6.6
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of green leafy vegetables

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
8.4
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Milk

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
8.3
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Pulses

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
1.6
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Salty snacks

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
3.6
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Soft drinks

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
4.9
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Vitamin A rich fruits

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
4.5
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of Vitamin A rich vegetables

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
35.7
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Relative caloric price (RCP) of White meat

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
9.5
Ratio
2019
Source
 Headey and Alderman (2019)

Cost of nutrient adequacy (CoNA) as a percent of household food expenditure

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
92
Percent
2011
Source
 CANDASA

Cost of nutrient adequacy (CoNA) at purchasing price parity (PPP) prices for food

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
1
International dollars, PPP
2011
Source
 Alemu et al (2019)

Cost of nutrient adequacy (CoNA) in local currency units (LCU)

Food EnvironmentsFood affordability
143.5
Local currency
2011
Source
 CANDASA

Availability of food-based dietary guidelines

Food EnvironmentsFood messaging
1
Yes=1; No=0
2001
Source
 FAO

Individual Factors

Proportion of household food and beverage consumption spent on fruits and vegetables (households living under $2.97/capita/day)

Individual FactorsEconomic
37.6
Percent
2010
Source
 World Bank, Global Consumption

Proportion of household food and beverage consumption spent on meat and fish (all households)

Individual FactorsEconomic
17.8
Percent
2010
Source
 Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Nigeria Living Standards Survey
Definition
Proportion of household food and beverage expenditure spent on meat and fish.
Relevance
As income per capita increases, households diversify their food consumption beyond starchy staples foods, into animal source foods, fruits and vegetables, as well as processed foods, which are higher priced per calorie. There may be additional variation in this trend due to sociocultural factors and the agro-ecological conditions prevalent in a country.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Proportion of household food and beverage consumption spent on meat and fish (households living under $2.97/capita/day)

Individual FactorsEconomic
16.6
Percent
2010
Source
 World Bank, Global Consumption

Personal remittances received per capita (Naira (₦))

Individual FactorsEconomic
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Source
 Calculated from the 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by Akerele, D. (2021)
Definition
Monetary and in-kind assistance received by any household member from non-household members in preceding 12 months.
Relevance
Remittances (income from persons not currently living in the household) can increase a household's access to purchased food and increase food security.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Proportion of household consumption spent on food and beverages (households consuming less than $2.97 per person a day)

Individual FactorsEconomic
60.8
Percent
2010
Source
 World Bank Global Consumption Database

Proportion of household food and beverage consumption spent on fruits and vegetables (all households)

Individual FactorsEconomic
37.3
Percent
2010
Source
 Nigeria National Bureau of Statistics Nigeria Living Standards Survey
Definition
The proportion of household food and beverage expenditure that is spent on fruits and vegetables.
Relevance
As income per capita increases, households diversify food consumption beyond starchy staples foods, into animal source foods, fruits and vegetables, as well as processed foods, which are higher priced per calorie. However, substantial variation in fruit and vegetable consumption exists across regions and even among countries in the same region, reflecting sociocultural factors and the agro-ecological conditions prevalent in a country.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Proportion of household consumption spent on food and beverages

Individual FactorsEconomic
56.8
Percent
2010
Source
 World Bank Global Consumption Database

Credit card ownership (% among individuals aged 15+ years) (Percent)

Individual FactorsEconomic
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Source
 World Bank FINDEX

Final consumption expenditure per capita (Naira (₦))

Individual FactorsEconomic
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Source
 Calculated from the 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by Akerele, D. (2021)
Definition
Household final annual consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products (such as cars, washing machines, and home computers), purchased by households. Data are adjusted for time and space.
Relevance
Final consumption expenditure provides an approximate measure of income and consumer spending power, which impacts the affordability of foods and consumer behavior.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Median income per person per day

Individual FactorsEconomic
1.8
Naira (₦)
2010
Source
 Calculated from the 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by Akerele, D. (2021)
Definition
Income of a person in the 50th percentile of the income distribution for a state. Estimates are based on consumption data from the Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) 2018/2019. Values have been adjusted for date and location of data collection.
Relevance
Median income provides an estimate of the average income of a person in a state. Higher median income increases a population's food security and access to food. As incomes rise individuals and households spend a smaller proportion of income on food expenditure. More disposable income may lead to increased purchases of foods seen as desirable or convenient and eating outside of the home.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Per capita food and beverage consumption

Individual FactorsEconomic
353.9
Naira (₦)
2010
Source
 Calculated from the 2018/2019 Nigeria Living Standards Survey (NLSS) by Akerele, D. (2021)
Definition
Per capita annual spending on food and beverages, adjusted for period of data collection and location. Data are taken from the National Living Standards Survey 2018/2019, which is representative at the state level, except for Borno State.
Relevance
As economies develop and income per capita increases, so does consumer spending on food and beverages. This indicator thus reflects income as well as food retail prices, which increase as higher wages are spent on more diverse foods (i.e. beyond starchy staples).
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Percent of individuals (aged 15+ years) unable to come up with emergency funds, among the poorest 40% (Percent)

Individual FactorsEconomic
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Source
 World Bank FINDEX

Motorization rate (vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants) (Per 1000 inhabitants)

Individual FactorsSituational
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Source
 OICA

Cross-Cutting Issues

Outcomes

Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity (Percent)

OutcomesFood security
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Source
 Nigeria Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/media/6316/file/2021%20MICS%20full%20report%20.pdf
Definition
The prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity is an estimate of the percentage of people in the population who live in households classified as moderately or severely food insecure. The assessment is conducted using data collected with the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES). In simpler terms, a household is classified as moderately or severely food insecure when at least one adult in the household has reported to have been exposed, at times during the year, to low quality diets and might have been forced to also reduce the quantity of food they would normally eat because of a lack of money or other resources. It is an indicator of lack of food access.
Relevance
Food insecurity is an underlying determinant of malnutrition, which may reduce nutrient intake and diet quality. As compared with the prevalence of undernourishment indicator, this indicator is based on data collected from households and does not seek to quantify food consumption or food access, but rather assesses food insecurity using an experience-based scale. These experiences include the feelings of stress and anxiety over food access as well as negative coping behaviors that households may adopt, including reducing the quality and quantity of food consumed.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Age (0-5 months): Early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth (Percent)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
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Source
 UNICEF_SOWC_2016

Age (0-5 months): Exclusive breastfeeding 0-5 months (Percent)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
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Source
 UNICEF_SOWC_2016

Age (12-14 months): Continued breastfeeding at 1 year (Percent)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
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Source
 UNICEF

Age (6-23 months): Minimum acceptable diet (MAD) (Percent)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
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Source
 UNICEF_SOWC_2016

Age (6-23 months): Minimum diet diversity (MDD)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
34
Percent
2013
Source
 UNICEF_SOWC_2019

Age (6-23 months): Minimum meal frequency (MMF)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
46
Percent
2013
Source
 UNICEF_SOWC_2019

Age (6-8 months): Introduction of solid, semi-solid, or soft foods (Percent)

OutcomesInfant and young child feeding practices
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Source
 UNICEF

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita calcium intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita fruit intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita legumes intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita milk intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita nuts and seeds intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita polyunsaturated fatty acids intake (Percent energy per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita fiber intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita processed meat intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita red meat intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita sodium intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita sugar sweetened beverages intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita whole grains intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Adults (age 25+ years): Estimated per capita vegetable intake (grams per day)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 Global Burden of Disease

Prevalence of undernourishment (Percent)

OutcomesDietary intake
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Source
 FAO

Adult obesity (BMI >= 30) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 FSD_Calculated data

Adult Underweight (BMI<18.5) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 FSD_Calculated data

Adult overweight (BMI 25 to <30) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 FSD_Calculated data

Presence of country-level double burden of malnutrition (overweight >20%) (Yes=1; No=0)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 WHO

Presence of country-level double burden of malnutrition (overweight >30%) (Yes=1; No=0)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 WHO

Presence of country-level double burden of malnutrition (overweight >40%) (Yes=1; No=0)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 WHO

Stunting and overweight in children under 5 years (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 Calculated from 2008, 2013, 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys by Adeyemi, O. (2021)
Definition
Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are both stunted and overweight
Relevance
Stunting and overweight are indicators of chronic malnutrition. Children who experience both may be consuming diets that lack essential nutritients but are calorically dense.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Stunting in children under 5 years (height-for-age <-2 SD) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 UNICEF/WHO_WB_JMP_2020

Anemia in women 15-49 years (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 Global Nutrition Report

Wasting in children under 5 years (weight-for-height <-2 SD) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 UNICEF/WHO_WB_JMP_2020

Wasting and stunting in children under 5 years (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 Calculated from 2008, 2013, 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys by Adeyemi, O. (2021)
Definition
Percentage of children under 5 years of age who are both wasted and stunted
Relevance
Stunting and wasting are indicators of chronic and acute undernutrition, respectively. These two anthropometric indicators may share similar underlying causes and children who experience both have a significantly increased risk of mortality.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Child and adolescent overweight (BMI-for-age > 1 SD) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 NCD-RisC

Child and adolescent underweight (BMI-for-age < 1 SD) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 NCD-RisC

Child and adolescent obesity (BMI-for-age > 2 SD) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 NCD-RisC

No wasting, stunting, or overweight in children under 5 years (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 Calculated from 2008, 2013, 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys by Adeyemi, O. (2021)
Definition
Proportion of children under 5 years who are neither overweight, nor stunted, nor wasted.
Relevance
This indicator gives a sense of how many children in the country are not experiencing any form of malnutrition that can be measured using anthropometric measures. These children have a reduced risk of mortality during childhood and reduced risk of noncommunicable disease later in life.
Treatment Of Missing Values
n/a

Overweight in children under 5 years (weight-for-height >2 SD ) (Percent)

OutcomesNutritional status
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Source
 UNICEF/WHO_WB_JMP_2020

Adult diabetes prevalence (Percent)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 NCD-RisC

Adult raised blood glucose (fasting glucose >= 7 mmol/L) (Percent)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 World Bank

Adult raised blood pressure (systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure >= 140/90 mmHg) (Percent)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 Global Nutrition Report

Adult raised cholesterol (LDL >190 mg/dL)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
16.5
Percent
2008
Source
 Global Nutrition Report

Probability of dying between 30-70 years from CVD, cancer, diabetes, and CRD (Percent)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 WHO

NCD mortality rate (Per 100,000 population)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 WHO

Percent of noncommunicable disease deaths that are premature (Percent)

OutcomesNoncommunicable diseases
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Source
 WHO
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