Comoros

To the extent possible, this indicator includes emissions from all greenhouse gases and major emission sources for each country. Data sources cover CO2 emissions from energy, cement manufacture, and land-use changes as well as from non-CO2 gases. For a given country, as many as five greenhouse gas data sources may be used (including sector-level data).

The Gini index measures the extent to which the distribution of income (or, in some cases, consumption expenditure) among individuals or households within an economy deviates from a perfectly equal distribution. A Lorenz curve plots the cumulative percentages of total income received against the cumulative number of recipients, starting with the poorest individual or household. The Gini index measures the area between the Lorenz curve and a hypothetical line of absolute equality, expressed as a percentage of the maximum area under the line. Thus a Gini index of 0 represents total equality, while an index of 100 implies total inequality.

Urban population refers to people living in urban areas as defined by national statistical offices. The data are collected and smoothed by the United Nations Population Division.

The annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of citizenship or legal status.

The share of people employed in agriculture among the total employed population. Employment includes both paid labor (full or part-time) and self-employment.

Yield means the harvested production per hectare for the area under cultivation, expressed in tonnes per hectare or kilograms per animal.

Yield means the harvested production per hectare for the area under cultivation, expressed in tonnes per hectare or kilograms per animal.

Quantities of cereal crops that are lost along the food supply chain from post-harvest up to, but not including, retail as a percent of domestic supply. This amount does not include quantities lost before or during harvest, nor food waste, which commonly refers to food that is lost during retail or at the household level. Cereals include maize, millet, rice, sorghum, wheat, barley, oats, and rye, among other grains. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Quantities of fruit crops that are lost along the food supply chain from post-harvest up to, but not including, retail (as a percent of domestic supply). This amount does not include quantities lost before or during harvest, nor food waste, which commonly refers to food that is lost during retail or at the household level. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Quantities of vegetable crops that are lost along the food supply chain from post-harvest up to, but not including, retail as a percent of domestic supply. This amount does not include quantities lost before or during harvest, nor food waste, which commonly refers to food that is lost during retail or at the household level. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Quantities of pulse crops that are lost along the food supply chain from post-harvest up to, but not including, retail (as a percent of domestic supply). This amount does not include quantities lost before or during harvest, nor food waste, which commonly refers to food that is lost during retail or at the household level. Pulses are leguminous plants that are harvested for their dry seeds including dried beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, and lentils, among others. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Dietary energy in the food supply (or dietary energy supply) is the amount of kilocalories per person per day that is available in a country's food supply. This indicator is based on national-level data from FAO's Food Balance Sheets.

Proportion of dietary energy available in a country's food supply that is derived from cereals, roots, and tubers (often referred to as staple foods). This indicator is based on national-level data from FAO's Food Balance Sheets as a 3-year average. The complement of this indicator, share of dietary energy from non-staples, is also often cited.

Calculated as the food supply in kilocalories per person per day from cereals and starchy roots divided by the total kilocalories per person per day.

Grams per person per day of pulses available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in pulse stocks. This indicator takes into consideration pulses as well as processed foods derived from pulses. Pulses are leguminous plants that are harvested for their dry seeds including dried beans, chickpeas, cowpeas, and lentils, among others. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Grams per person per day of eggs available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in egg stocks. This indicator takes into consideration eggs as well as processed foods derived from eggs. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Grams per person per day of meat available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in meat stocks. This indicator takes into consideration meat as well as processed foods derived from meats. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Grams per person per day of fish available in a country's food supply. Includes production plus imports minus exports and changes in fish stocks. This indicator takes into consideration fish as well as processed foods derived from fish. Data is drawn from the FAO Food Balance Sheets. Note that FAO's methodology for Food Balance Sheets changed for 2014 estimates and after, which may limit comparability pre and post-2014.

Cost of the least expensive starchy staple for energy balance, in 2017 PPP dollar/person/day, for a representative person at 2330 kcal/day. Data available for 2017.

Ratio between the cost of a healthy diet that meets food-based dietary guidelines and the cost of caloric adequacy that uses only starchy staples to meet energy requirements. Data available for 2017.

Ratio of the cost of a healthy diet to total food expenditure per capita per day from national accounts. Data available for 2017.

The share of the population whose food budget is below the cost of a healthy diet.

Cost of the least expensive legumes, nuts, and seeds as a multiple of the least expensive starchy staples to meet intake levels recommended in food-based dietary guidelines. Data available for 2017.

Cost of the least expensive fruits and vegetables as a multiple of the least expensive starchy staples to meet intake levels recommended in food-based dietary guidelines. Data available for 2017.

Total sales of packaged food and soft drinks in the calendar year per person (USD/person). Packaged food is considered any food that is sold in a protective barrier such as plastic, cans, or paper.

Sales of packaged food/country population. Population was determined using estimates from the World Bank.

Total sales of ultra-processed foods in the calendar year per person (USD/person).

Sales of ultra-processed food/country population. Population was determined using estimates from the World Bank.

The number of supermarkets per 100,000 people. Euromonitor defines supermarkets as "Retail outlets selling groceries with a selling space of between 400 and 2,500 square meters. Excludes discounters, convenience stores, and independent grocery stores."

Number of supermarkets/country population/100,000. Population was determined using estimates from the World Bank.

The number of modern grocery store retailers per 100,000 people. These stores sell predominantly food and beverages and are typically part of large companies or brands that have multiple locations. Euromonitor retailer types included in the "modern grocery retailer" category are: hypermarkets, supermarkets, discounters, forecourt retailers (grocery outlets attached to gas/petrol stations), and convenience stores.

Number of modern grocery retailers/country population/100,000. Population was determined using estimates from the World Bank.

Household final consumption expenditure is the market value of all goods and services, including durable products such as cars, washing machines, and home computers, purchased by households. Data are converted to constant 2017 international dollars using purchasing power parity rates from the International Comparison Program. Population was determined using estimates from the World Bank.

Final consumption expenditure/country population.

The combined land appropriation for producing agricultural, livestock, fishery and aquaculture, and timber products as well as the greenhouse gas emissions and built-up surfaces including roads, factories, and cities linked to that production. A higher value is worse, indicating higher ecological impact.

All human activities that require a bioproductive area are summed. Values per areas (different agroecological zones) are scaled proportionally to their biological productivity resulting in a comparable unit of analysis - the global hectare.

The ecological footprint of food production plus the ecological footprint of imports minus the footprint of exports. A higher value is worse, indicating higher ecological impact.

Calculates production plus imports minus exports. See also metadata for Ecological footprint of production.

Agricultural land expansion or contraction rate during the last ten years.

The slope of the agricultural land area between 2008 and 2018.

Natural and seminatural land embedded in agricultural lands.

The natural vegetation around and embedded in croplands is calculated using a 1x1 km moving window. Values estimate the proportion of seminatural land around a cropland pixel which is then averaged at the national level for all cropland.

Average levels of potential risk to soil biodiversity and life at a global scale. Considered threats include loss of above ground biodiversity, pollution and nutrient overloading, cropland percentage cover, cattle density, fire density between 1997-2010 , Water and Wind Erosion Vulnerability Indices, Desertification Vulnerability Index, and Global Aridity Index. A score of 1 is low risk while a score of 8 is the highest risk.

All eight risk values maps (loss of above ground biodiversity; pollution and nutrient overloading; cropland percentage cover; cattle density; fire density 1997-2010; Water and Wind Erosion Vulnerability Indices; Desertification Vulnerability Index; Global Aridity Index) were scaled from 0 to 1 where 1 indicates higher risk. The Threat Soil Biodiversity Index is the sum of the different risks.

An estimate of the proportion of the population that lacks enough dietary energy for a healthy, active life.

Prevalence of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity as measured by the FIES.

Proportion of breastfed and non-breastfed children 6–23 months who receive the minimum number of feeds or more with solid, semi-solid, or soft foods. For breastfed children this is 2 for children 6-8 months and 3 for children 9-23 months. For non-breastfed children this is 4 for children 6-8 months (including formula).

Percentage of children 6–23 months of age who consumed foods and beverages from at least five out of eight defined food groups during the previous day.

Percentage of children 6–23 months of age who did not consume any vegetables or fruits during the previous day.

Proportion of children 6–23 months who did not consume any meat, fish, or eggs during the previous day.

Proportion of adults aged 18 and older with BMI > 30 kg/m². Estimates are age-standardized.

Proportion of children 0–59 months who are more than two standard deviations below the median weight for height of the WHO Child Growth Standards. Children more than three standard deviations below the median are classified as severely wasted, while those between 2 and 3 standard deviations below the median are moderately wasted. Regional data, where disaggregated, is based on the population weighted means of all constituent countries with available data.

Percentage of children 0–59 months who are more than 2 standard deviations below the median height for age of the WHO Child Growth Standards. Regional data, where disaggregated, is based on the population weighted means of all constituent countries with available data.

Proportion of children under 5 years with BMI-for-age > 2 standard deviations from the median of the WHO growth reference for children.

Proportion of women aged 18 and older with BMI <18.5 kg/m². Estimates are age-standardized.

Proportion of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) with anemia. This estimate is for both pregnant and non-pregnant women. Anemia in defined as having a hemoglobin concentration of less than 12 grams per deciliter for non-pregnant and lactating women and of less than 11 grams per deciliter for pregnant women.

Proportion of adults aged 18 and older with diabetes. Diabetes is defined as having a fasting glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, being on medication for raised blood glucose, or having a past diagnosis of diabetes. Estimates are age-standardized.

Proportion of adults aged 18 and older with raised blood pressure. Raised blood pressure is defined as blood pressure, systolic, and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg. Estimates are age-standardized.