Timor-Leste
FSCI Indicators Breakdown
The Food Systems Countdown Initiative (FSCI) is a collaborative interdisciplinary effort to monitor global food systems. The FSCI developed a framework that includes five themes: (1) diets, nutrition, and health; (2) environment, natural resources, and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty, and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience and identified 50 indicators across these themes. This page presents national level data for these 50 indicators for Timor-Leste.
Timor-Leste income group: Lower Middle Income
Comparison
Timor-Leste
South-eastern Asia
World
Diets, Nutrition, and Health
Less Desirable
More Desirable
South-eastern Asia
4.07
World
3.32
PPP dollar/capita/day
Cost of a healthy diet per capita
No Data
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
38%
World
37%
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
No Data
Share of the population whose food budget is less than the cost of a healthy diet
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
45
South-eastern Asia
167.2
World
256.7
g/capita/day
Availability of fruits
45 g/capita/day
Amount of fruits—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
73.3
South-eastern Asia
225.9
World
278.9
g/capita/day
Availability of vegetables
73.3 g/capita/day
Amount of vegetables—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
37%
World
68%
Percent of the population using safely managed drinking water services
No Data
Share of the population that gets drinking water from an improved source, providing the clean water essential for food security (SDG 6.1.1)
South-eastern Asia
11.1
World
155.1
current PPP dollar/capita/year
Retail value (total sales) of ultra-processed foods per capita
No Data
Annual perperson sales of ultra-processed foods, which are known to be associated with poor health outcomes
South-eastern Asia
84%
World
66%
MDD-W: Minimum dietary diversity for women
No Data
Share of women who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
South-eastern Asia
50%
World
39%
All-5: Consumption of all five food groups
No Data
Share of the adult population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption
South-eastern Asia
4.4
World
3.8
NCD-Protect
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices protective against noncommunicable diseases, like eating enough fiber, on a scale from 0 to 9
South-eastern Asia
3
World
2.1
NCD-Risk
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices known to raise the risk of noncommunicable diseases, like eating too much sugar, on a scale from 0 to 9
South-eastern Asia
4%
World
11%
Adults: Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of adults who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
South-eastern Asia
21%
World
19%
Adults: Soft drink consumption
No Data
Share of adults who consumed a sugar-sweetened soft drink, which are generally known to be unhealthy, during the previous day
Timor-Leste
22%
South-eastern Asia
5%
World
11%
POU: Prevalence of undernourishment
22%
Share of the population that goes hungry—that is, lacks enough calories for a healthy, active life (SDG 2.1.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
16%
World
29%
Percent of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity
No Data
Share of the population experiencing food insecurity, measured according to the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) (SDG 2.1.2)
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
40%
South-eastern Asia
53%
World
32%
MDD (IYCF): Minimum dietary diversity for infants and young children
40%
Share of young children who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
2020
Source: UNICEF
Timor-Leste
34
South-eastern Asia
21
World
39
% population 6-23 months
Children (6-23 months): Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
34% population 6-23 months
Share of young children who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
2020
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Environment, natural resources, and production
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Timor-Leste
0.2
South-eastern Asia
0.4
World
0.4
tonnes/ha
Cereals yield
0.2 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
0.7
South-eastern Asia
1.5
World
1.4
tonnes/ha
Fruit yield
0.7 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
0.2
South-eastern Asia
1.2
World
2
tonnes/ha
Vegetable yield
0.2 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
15,784.1
World
22,628.8
100 g/animal
Cow's milk yield
No Data
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
103
South-eastern Asia
179.6
World
221
kg/animal
Beef yield
103 kg/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
23
South-eastern Asia
13.7
World
21.2
Fishery health index progress score
23
An indicator summarizing the availability and sustainability of fish, which are at risk of overfishing or environmental degradation
2021
Source: Minderoo Foundation
Timor-Leste
1,962.1
South-eastern Asia
150,226.5
World
83,692.6
kT CO2eq
Agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions
1,962.1 kT CO2eq
Timor-Leste
0.2
South-eastern Asia
0.2
World
0.2
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cereals (excluding rice)
0.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cereals (excluding rice)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
3.2
South-eastern Asia
1.5
World
1.1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for rice
3.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
South-eastern Asia
2.8
World
1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cow's milk
No Data
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cow's milk
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
297.6
South-eastern Asia
64.3
World
28.3
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for beef
297.6 kg CO2eq/kg product
Timor-Leste
0
South-eastern Asia
1
World
0
% change
Cropland area change
0% change
Average percentage change in cropland over the previous five years; expanding cropland is a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss and greenhouse gas emissions
2021
Source: FSCI
Timor-Leste
76
South-eastern Asia
55
World
43
% agricultural land
Functional integrity: Agricultural land with minimum level of natural habitat
76% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land area with enough semi-natural or natural habitat, relative to the amount of cropland or rangeland, to maintain biodiversity and functioning ecosystems
2015
Source: DeClerck et al. 2021
Timor-Leste
13%
South-eastern Asia
9%
World
17%
Agriculture water withdrawal as percent of total renewable water resources
13%
Water withdrawn for irrigation each year, as a percentage of the total renewable water resources available
2020
Source: AQUASTAT
Timor-Leste
0.7
South-eastern Asia
4.8
World
2.3
kg/ha
Pesticide use per area of cropland
0.7 kg/ha
The use of pesticides per area of cropland (kg active ingredient per hectare); pesticide use can cause pollution and harm health
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Livelihoods, Poverty, and Equity
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Timor-Leste
19
South-eastern Asia
10
World
4
% GDP
Share of agriculture in GDP
19% GDP
Percentage of a country’s GDP derived from agriculture, a measure of the level of economic development of the country
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Timor-Leste
3
South-eastern Asia
2
World
4
% working age population
Unemployment rate (Rural)
3% working age population
Timor-Leste
1
South-eastern Asia
6
World
6
% working age population
Underemployment rate (Rural)
1% working age population
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are underemployed (i.e., worked fewer hours than expected)
2021
Source: ILO
Timor-Leste
35
South-eastern Asia
50
World
58
% population
Social protection coverage
35% population
Percentage of people who live in households that benefit from social protection programs, like cash transfers and health insurance
2011
Source: World Bank
Timor-Leste
21
South-eastern Asia
20
World
23
% welfare of beneficiary households
Social protection adequacy
21% welfare of beneficiary households
An indicator showing the extent to which social protection is sufficient to meet household needs
2011
Source: World Bank
Timor-Leste
7
South-eastern Asia
4
World
8
% children 5-17
Percent of children 5-17 years engaged in child labor
7% children 5-17
Percentage of children ages 5–17 who are engaged in child labor, the majority of which is known to be in the food system and specifically in agriculture
2016
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Governance
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Timor-Leste
0.7
South-eastern Asia
0.7
World
0.6
Civil society participation index
0.7
An indicator capturing the level of participation in civil society organizations
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Timor-Leste
0%
South-eastern Asia
5%
World
8%
Percent of the urban population living in cities signed onto the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
0%
Percentage of the urban population that lives in cities signed on to the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, suggesting prioritization of food issues in urban planning
2020
South-eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Degree of legal recognition of the right to food
No Data
South-eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of a national food system transformation pathway
No Data
Timor-Leste
-0.8
South-eastern Asia
0.1
World
0
Government effectiveness index
-0.8
An index capturing the perception of how effective the government is in making and enforcing policies and providing services
2022
Source: World Governance Indicators
Timor-Leste
40
South-eastern Asia
69.3
World
69.5
Food safety capacity
40
Whether functioning mechanisms exist to detect and respond to foodborne disease issues, measured as the percentage of a set of criteria met
2020
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory
South-eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of national health-related food environment policies
No Data
Whether the country has any health-related food taxes, which are used to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods
Timor-Leste
1
South-eastern Asia
0.3
World
0.2
V-Dem accountability index
1
An index capturing the extent to which the government is seen as being accountable for its actions
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Timor-Leste
52
South-eastern Asia
59.1
World
43
Open budget index score
52
A score based on how easily the public can access information about how the government raises and spends money
2021
Source: International Budget Partnership
South-eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Guarantees for public access to information
No Data
Whether the country has and implements guarantees for access to information (SDG 16.10.2)
Source: Sustainable Development Goals
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Resilience
Less Desirable
More Desirable
South-eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Ratio of total damages from all disasters to GDP
No Data
Cost of all damage from natural disasters, as a percentage of GDP
Source: EM-DAT
South-eastern Asia
0.6
World
0.7
Dietary sourcing flexibility index
No Data
An index capturing the diversity of pathways through which food reaches consumers, indicating how difficult it is to disrupt the food supply
Source:
FAO
Timor-Leste
110.4
South-eastern Asia
126.3
World
110.1
Number per 100 people
Mobile cellular subscriptions
110.4 Number per 100 people
Number of mobile phone subscriptions as a percentage of the population, indicating the level of infrastructure and access to information to respond to shocks
2022
South-eastern Asia
0.4
World
0.5
Social capital index
No Data
An index for the social capital in the country—how much people feel they can trust and can rely on their government and one another
Source: Legatum InstituteFSCI
Timor-Leste
21
South-eastern Asia
60
World
25
% agricultural land
Proportion of agricultural land with minimum level of species diversity (crop and pasture)
21% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land (crop and pasture) containing a sufficient diversity of species, which helps cope with shocks and changes
2020
Source:
Jones et al. 2021
South-eastern Asia
12,277.9
World
163,165.1
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
No Data
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
5.2
World
3.8
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
No Data
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
Source: FAOSTAT
South-eastern Asia
0.1
World
0.4
Prevalence of severe coping strategies
No Data
Percentage of high-risk populations who need to rely on extreme strategies to cope with food insecurity
Source:
WFP
Timor-Leste
0.8
South-eastern Asia
0.6
World
0.7
Food price volatility
0.8
Timor-Leste
16
South-eastern Asia
27.5
World
32.2
kcal/capita/day
Food supply variability per capita
16 kcal/capita/day
How much the food supply (in calories per person per day) varies over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable