FSCI Indicators Breakdown
The Food Systems Countdown Initiative (FSCI) is a collaborative interdisciplinary effort to monitor global food systems. The FSCI developed a framework that includes five themes: (1) diets, nutrition, and health; (2) environment, natural resources, and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty, and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience and identified 50 indicators across these themes. This page presents national level data for these 50 indicators for Mongolia.
Mongolia income group: Lower Middle Income
Comparison
Mongolia
Eastern Asia
World
Diets, Nutrition, and Health
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Mongolia
5.26
Eastern Asia
3.39
World
3.32
PPP dollar/capita/day
Cost of a healthy diet per capita
5.26 PPP dollar/capita/day
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
24%
Eastern Asia
17%
World
37%
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
24%
Share of the population whose food budget is less than the cost of a healthy diet
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
74.1
Eastern Asia
161.1
World
256.7
g/capita/day
Availability of fruits
74.1 g/capita/day
Amount of fruits—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
183.3
Eastern Asia
499.3
World
278.9
g/capita/day
Availability of vegetables
183.3 g/capita/day
Amount of vegetables—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
13%
Eastern Asia
97%
World
68%
Percent of the population using safely managed drinking water services
13%
Share of the population that gets drinking water from an improved source, providing the clean water essential for food security (SDG 6.1.1)
2022
Mongolia
0.2
Eastern Asia
42.5
World
155.1
current PPP dollar/capita/year
Retail value (total sales) of ultra-processed foods per capita
0.2 current PPP dollar/capita/year
Annual perperson sales of ultra-processed foods, which are known to be associated with poor health outcomes
2021
Eastern Asia
86%
World
66%
MDD-W: Minimum dietary diversity for women
No Data
Share of women who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
Eastern Asia
55%
World
39%
All-5: Consumption of all five food groups
No Data
Share of the adult population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption
Eastern Asia
4.6
World
3.8
NCD-Protect
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices protective against noncommunicable diseases, like eating enough fiber, on a scale from 0 to 9
Eastern Asia
2.4
World
2.1
NCD-Risk
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices known to raise the risk of noncommunicable diseases, like eating too much sugar, on a scale from 0 to 9
Eastern Asia
4%
World
11%
Adults: Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of adults who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
Eastern Asia
12%
World
19%
Adults: Soft drink consumption
No Data
Share of adults who consumed a sugar-sweetened soft drink, which are generally known to be unhealthy, during the previous day
Mongolia
8%
Eastern Asia
4%
World
11%
POU: Prevalence of undernourishment
8%
Share of the population that goes hungry—that is, lacks enough calories for a healthy, active life (SDG 2.1.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
6%
Eastern Asia
4%
World
29%
Percent of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity
6%
Share of the population experiencing food insecurity, measured according to the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) (SDG 2.1.2)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
45%
Eastern Asia
37%
World
32%
MDD (IYCF): Minimum dietary diversity for infants and young children
45%
Share of young children who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
2020
Source: UNICEF
Mongolia
45
Eastern Asia
29
World
39
% population 6-23 months
Children (6-23 months): Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
45% population 6-23 months
Share of young children who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
2018
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Environment, natural resources, and production
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Mongolia
0.1
Eastern Asia
0.6
World
0.4
tonnes/ha
Cereals yield
0.1 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
0.1
Eastern Asia
1.6
World
1.4
tonnes/ha
Fruit yield
0.1 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
1.1
Eastern Asia
2.6
World
2
tonnes/ha
Vegetable yield
1.1 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
4,194
Eastern Asia
24,803.5
World
22,628.8
100 g/animal
Cow's milk yield
4,194 100 g/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
128.3
Eastern Asia
157
World
221
kg/animal
Beef yield
128.3 kg/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Eastern Asia
12.2
World
21.2
Fishery health index progress score
No Data
An indicator summarizing the availability and sustainability of fish, which are at risk of overfishing or environmental degradation
Source: Minderoo Foundation
Mongolia
58,873.9
Eastern Asia
520,631
World
83,692.6
kT CO2eq
Agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions
58,873.9 kT CO2eq
Mongolia
0.2
Eastern Asia
0.2
World
0.2
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cereals (excluding rice)
0.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cereals (excluding rice)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Eastern Asia
0.9
World
1.1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for rice
No Data
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of rice
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
6.1
Eastern Asia
0.8
World
1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cow's milk
6.1 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cow's milk
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
60.1
Eastern Asia
13.5
World
28.3
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for beef
60.1 kg CO2eq/kg product
Mongolia
0
Eastern Asia
-0
World
0
% change
Cropland area change
0% change
Average percentage change in cropland over the previous five years; expanding cropland is a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss and greenhouse gas emissions
2021
Source: FSCI
Mongolia
95
Eastern Asia
47
World
43
% agricultural land
Functional integrity: Agricultural land with minimum level of natural habitat
95% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land area with enough semi-natural or natural habitat, relative to the amount of cropland or rangeland, to maintain biodiversity and functioning ecosystems
2015
Source: DeClerck et al. 2021
Mongolia
1%
Eastern Asia
13%
World
17%
Agriculture water withdrawal as percent of total renewable water resources
1%
Water withdrawn for irrigation each year, as a percentage of the total renewable water resources available
2020
Source: AQUASTAT
Mongolia
4.5
Eastern Asia
2.3
World
2.3
kg/ha
Pesticide use per area of cropland
4.5 kg/ha
The use of pesticides per area of cropland (kg active ingredient per hectare); pesticide use can cause pollution and harm health
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Livelihoods, Poverty, and Equity
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Mongolia
13
Eastern Asia
6
World
4
% GDP
Share of agriculture in GDP
13% GDP
Percentage of a country’s GDP derived from agriculture, a measure of the level of economic development of the country
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
4
Eastern Asia
2
World
4
% working age population
Unemployment rate (Rural)
4% working age population
Mongolia
1
Eastern Asia
2
World
6
% working age population
Underemployment rate (Rural)
1% working age population
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are underemployed (i.e., worked fewer hours than expected)
2022
Source: ILO
Mongolia
91
Eastern Asia
63
World
58
% population
Social protection coverage
91% population
Percentage of people who live in households that benefit from social protection programs, like cash transfers and health insurance
2018
Source: World Bank
Mongolia
24
Eastern Asia
37
World
23
% welfare of beneficiary households
Social protection adequacy
24% welfare of beneficiary households
An indicator showing the extent to which social protection is sufficient to meet household needs
2018
Source: World Bank
Mongolia
8
Eastern Asia
4
World
8
% children 5-17
Percent of children 5-17 years engaged in child labor
8% children 5-17
Percentage of children ages 5–17 who are engaged in child labor, the majority of which is known to be in the food system and specifically in agriculture
2018
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Governance
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Mongolia
0.6
Eastern Asia
0.4
World
0.6
Civil society participation index
0.6
An indicator capturing the level of participation in civil society organizations
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Mongolia
18%
Eastern Asia
8%
World
8%
Percent of the urban population living in cities signed onto the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
18%
Percentage of the urban population that lives in cities signed on to the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, suggesting prioritization of food issues in urban planning
2023
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Degree of legal recognition of the right to food
No Data
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of a national food system transformation pathway
No Data
Mongolia
-0.4
Eastern Asia
0.6
World
0
Government effectiveness index
-0.4
An index capturing the perception of how effective the government is in making and enforcing policies and providing services
2022
Source: World Governance Indicators
Mongolia
80
Eastern Asia
81.9
World
69.5
Food safety capacity
80
Whether functioning mechanisms exist to detect and respond to foodborne disease issues, measured as the percentage of a set of criteria met
2020
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of national health-related food environment policies
No Data
Whether the country has any health-related food taxes, which are used to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods
Mongolia
0.9
Eastern Asia
-0.9
World
0.2
V-Dem accountability index
0.9
An index capturing the extent to which the government is seen as being accountable for its actions
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Mongolia
60
Eastern Asia
25.1
World
43
Open budget index score
60
A score based on how easily the public can access information about how the government raises and spends money
2021
Source: International Budget Partnership
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Guarantees for public access to information
No Data
Whether the country has and implements guarantees for access to information (SDG 16.10.2)
Source: Sustainable Development Goals
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Resilience
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
NaN
Ratio of total damages from all disasters to GDP
No Data
Cost of all damage from natural disasters, as a percentage of GDP
Source: EM-DAT
Mongolia
0.7
Eastern Asia
0.7
World
0.7
Dietary sourcing flexibility index
0.7
An index capturing the diversity of pathways through which food reaches consumers, indicating how difficult it is to disrupt the food supply
2019
Source:
FAO
Mongolia
142.3
Eastern Asia
121.3
World
110.1
Number per 100 people
Mobile cellular subscriptions
142.3 Number per 100 people
Number of mobile phone subscriptions as a percentage of the population, indicating the level of infrastructure and access to information to respond to shocks
2022
Mongolia
0.3
Eastern Asia
0.7
World
0.5
Social capital index
0.3
An index for the social capital in the country—how much people feel they can trust and can rely on their government and one another
2021
Source: Legatum InstituteFSCI
Mongolia
3
Eastern Asia
34
World
25
% agricultural land
Proportion of agricultural land with minimum level of species diversity (crop and pasture)
3% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land (crop and pasture) containing a sufficient diversity of species, which helps cope with shocks and changes
2020
Source:
Jones et al. 2021
Mongolia
19,593
Eastern Asia
59,969.1
World
163,165.1
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
19,593
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Mongolia
0
Eastern Asia
1.3
World
3.8
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
0
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Eastern Asia
NaN
World
0.4
Prevalence of severe coping strategies
No Data
Percentage of high-risk populations who need to rely on extreme strategies to cope with food insecurity
Source:
WFP
Mongolia
0.5
Eastern Asia
0.6
World
0.7
Food price volatility
0.5
Mongolia
80
Eastern Asia
32.4
World
32.2
kcal/capita/day
Food supply variability per capita
80 kcal/capita/day
How much the food supply (in calories per person per day) varies over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable