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FSCI Indicators Breakdown

The Food Systems Countdown Initiative (FSCI) is a collaborative interdisciplinary effort to monitor global food systems. The FSCI developed a framework that includes five themes: (1) diets, nutrition, and health; (2) environment, natural resources, and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty, and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience and identified 50 indicators across these themes. This page presents national level data for these 50 indicators for Ghana.

Ghana income group: Lower Middle Income
Comparison
Ghana
Western Africa
World

Diets, Nutrition, and Health

Less Desirable
More Desirable
Ghana
4.2
Western Africa
4
World
3.4
Cost of a healthy diet per capita
4.2 PPP dollar/capita/day
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
77
Western Africa
85
World
42
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
77%
Share of the population whose food budget is less than the cost of a healthy diet
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
493.3
Western Africa
142.6
World
261.4
Availability of fruits
493.3 g/capita/day
Amount of fruits—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
116.2
Western Africa
184.6
World
300.8
Availability of vegetables
116.2 g/capita/day
Amount of vegetables—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
19
Western Africa
21
World
68
Percent of the population using safely managed drinking water services
19%
Share of the population that gets drinking water from an improved source, providing the clean water essential for food security (SDG 6.1.1)
2022
Ghana
35.9
Western Africa
3.7
World
155.1
Retail value (total sales) of ultra-processed foods per capita
35.9 current PPP dollar/capita/year
Annual perperson sales of ultra-processed foods, which are known to be associated with poor health outcomes
2021
Ghana
44
Western Africa
48
World
66
MDD-W: Minimum dietary diversity for women
44%
Share of women who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
2021
Ghana
20
Western Africa
23
World
39
All-5: Consumption of all five food groups
20%
Share of the adult population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption
2021
Ghana
3
Western Africa
2.8
World
3.8
NCD-Protect
3
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices protective against noncommunicable diseases, like eating enough fiber, on a scale from 0 to 9
2021
Ghana
1.5
Western Africa
1.8
World
2.1
NCD-Risk
1.5
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices known to raise the risk of noncommunicable diseases, like eating too much sugar, on a scale from 0 to 9
2021
Ghana
10
Western Africa
16
World
11
Adults: Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
10%
Share of adults who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
2021
Ghana
18
Western Africa
25
World
19
Adults: Soft drink consumption
18%
Share of adults who consumed a sugar-sweetened soft drink, which are generally known to be unhealthy, during the previous day
2021
Ghana
5
Western Africa
14
World
11
POU: Prevalence of undernourishment
5%
Share of the population that goes hungry—that is, lacks enough calories for a healthy, active life (SDG 2.1.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
39
Western Africa
64
World
31
Percent of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity
39%
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
26
Western Africa
23
World
32
MDD (IYCF): Minimum dietary diversity for infants and young children
26%
Share of young children who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
2017
Source: UNICEF
Ghana
43
Western Africa
49
World
39
Children (6-23 months): Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
43% population 6-23 months
Share of young children who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
2017
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable

Environment, natural resources, and production

Less Desirable
More Desirable
Ghana
125
Western Africa
92
World
63
Cropland nitrogen use efficiency
125%
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
2.5
Western Africa
1.4
World
4.2
Cereals yield
2.5 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
13.3
Western Africa
7.8
World
13.8
Fruit yield
13.3 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
9.7
Western Africa
5
World
20.1
Vegetable yield
9.7 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
131.3
Western Africa
204.8
World
2,262.9
Cow's milk yield
131.3 100 g/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
1,034
Western Africa
1,180.5
World
2,210.1
Beef yield
1,034 100 g/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
43.8
Western Africa
10
World
21.2
Fishery health index progress score
43.8
An indicator summarizing the availability and sustainability of fish, which are at risk of overfishing or environmental degradation
2021
Ghana
18,787.3
Western Africa
32,723.4
World
83,692.6
Agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions
18,787.3 kT CO2eq
Greenhouse gas emissions (kt CO2 equivalents) from food systems
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
0.1
Western Africa
0.1
World
0.2
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cereals (excluding rice)
0.1 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cereals (excluding rice)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
0.8
Western Africa
1.4
World
1.1
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for rice
0.8 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of rice
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
13.9
Western Africa
8
World
1
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cow's milk
13.9 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cow's milk
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
77.9
Western Africa
102.1
World
28.3
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for beef
77.9 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of beef
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
1
Western Africa
1
World
0
Cropland area change
1% change
Average percentage change in cropland over the previous five years; expanding cropland is a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss and greenhouse gas emissions
2021
Source: FSCI
Ghana
31
Western Africa
39
World
43
Functional integrity: Agricultural land with minimum level of natural habitat
31% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land area with enough semi-natural or natural habitat, relative to the amount of cropland or rangeland, to maintain biodiversity and functioning ecosystems
2015
Ghana
2
Western Africa
3
World
17
Agriculture water withdrawal as percent of total renewable water resources
2%
Water withdrawn for irrigation each year, as a percentage of the total renewable water resources available
2020
Source: AQUASTAT
Ghana
1.3
Western Africa
0.7
World
2.3
Pesticide use per area of cropland
1.3 kg/ha
The use of pesticides per area of cropland (kg active ingredient per hectare); pesticide use can cause pollution and harm health
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable

Livelihoods, Poverty, and Equity

Less Desirable
More Desirable
Ghana
19
Western Africa
23
World
4
Share of agriculture in GDP
19% GDP
Percentage of a country’s GDP derived from agriculture, a measure of the level of economic development of the country
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
2
Western Africa
2
World
4
Unemployment rate (Rural)
2% working age population
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are unemployed
2022
Source: ILO
Ghana
12
Western Africa
9
World
6
Underemployment rate (Rural)
12% working age population
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are underemployed (i.e., worked fewer hours than expected)
2022
Source: ILO
Ghana
17
Western Africa
25
World
58
Social protection coverage
17% population
Percentage of people who live in households that benefit from social protection programs, like cash transfers and health insurance
2016
Source: World Bank
Ghana
88
Western Africa
19
World
23
Social protection adequacy
88% welfare of beneficiary households
An indicator showing the extent to which social protection is sufficient to meet household needs
2016
Source: World Bank
Ghana
15
Western Africa
24
World
8
Percent of children 5-17 years engaged in child labor
15% children 5-17
Percentage of children ages 5–17 who are engaged in child labor, the majority of which is known to be in the food system and specifically in agriculture
2018
Source: UNICEF
Ghana
23
Western Africa
12
World
31
Share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land
23% landholdings
2017
Source:
Less Desirable
More Desirable

Governance

Less Desirable
More Desirable
Ghana
0.8
Western Africa
0.8
World
0.6
Civil society participation index
0.8
An indicator capturing the level of participation in civil society organizations
2022
Ghana
3
Western Africa
5
World
8
Percent of the urban population living in cities signed onto the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
3%
Percentage of the urban population that lives in cities signed on to the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, suggesting prioritization of food issues in urban planning
2023
Source: Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
Oakridge National Laboratory (Landscan population product)
FSCI
Western Africa
NaN
World
NaN
Degree of legal recognition of the right to food
No Data
An indicator that classifies countries by the extent to which national laws or policies recognize or enact people’s right to sufficient food
Source: FAOLEXFSCI
Western Africa
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of a national food system transformation pathway
No Data
Whether the country has developed a food system transformation pathway through the UNFSS process
Source: FAOFSCI
Ghana
-0.1
Western Africa
-0.8
World
0
Government effectiveness index
-0.1
An index capturing the perception of how effective the government is in making and enforcing policies and providing services
2022
Ghana
40
Western Africa
40.2
World
69.5
Food safety capacity
40
Whether functioning mechanisms exist to detect and respond to foodborne disease issues, measured as the percentage of a set of criteria met
2020
Western Africa
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of national health-related food environment policies
No Data
Whether the country has any health-related food taxes, which are used to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods
Ghana
1.2
Western Africa
0.7
World
0.2
V-Dem accountability index
1.2
An index capturing the extent to which the government is seen as being accountable for its actions
2022
Ghana
56
Western Africa
42.2
World
43
Open budget index score
56
A score based on how easily the public can access information about how the government raises and spends money
2021
Western Africa
NaN
World
NaN
Guarantees for public access to information
No Data
Whether the country has and implements guarantees for access to information (SDG 16.10.2)
Less Desirable
More Desirable

Resilience

Less Desirable
More Desirable
Western Africa
NaN
World
NaN
Ratio of total damages from all disasters to GDP
No Data
Cost of all damage from natural disasters, as a percentage of GDP
Source: EM-DAT
Ghana
0.7
Western Africa
0.6
World
0.7
Dietary sourcing flexibility index
0.7
An index capturing the diversity of pathways through which food reaches consumers, indicating how difficult it is to disrupt the food supply
2019
Source:
FAO
Ghana
119.6
Western Africa
103.3
World
110.1
Mobile cellular subscriptions
119.6 Number per 100 people
Number of mobile phone subscriptions as a percentage of the population, indicating the level of infrastructure and access to information to respond to shocks
2022
Ghana
0.3
Western Africa
0.3
World
0.5
Social capital index
0.3
An index for the social capital in the country—how much people feel they can trust and can rely on their government and one another
2021
Ghana
94
Western Africa
60
World
25
Proportion of agricultural land with minimum level of species diversity (crop and pasture)
94% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land (crop and pasture) containing a sufficient diversity of species, which helps cope with shocks and changes
2020
Source:
Jones et al. 2021
Ghana
11,392
Western Africa
3,675
World
163,165.1
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
11,392
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Ghana
0
Western Africa
0
World
3.8
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
0
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Western Africa
0.4
World
0.4
Prevalence of severe coping strategies
No Data
Percentage of high-risk populations who need to rely on extreme strategies to cope with food insecurity
Source:
WFP
Ghana
0.6
Western Africa
0.7
World
0.7
Food price volatility
0.6
How much food prices vary over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2022
Source: FAOSTATFSCI
Ghana
80
Western Africa
30.8
World
32.2
Food supply variability per capita
80 kcal/capita/day
How much the food supply (in calories per person per day) varies over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable