FSCI Indicators Breakdown
The Food Systems Countdown Initiative (FSCI) is a collaborative interdisciplinary effort to monitor global food systems. The FSCI developed a framework that includes five themes: (1) diets, nutrition, and health; (2) environment, natural resources, and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty, and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience and identified 50 indicators across these themes. This page presents national level data for these 50 indicators for Estonia.
Estonia income group: High Income
Comparison
Estonia
Northern Europe
World
Diets, Nutrition, and Health
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Estonia
3.4
Northern Europe
2.3
World
3.3
PPP dollar/capita/day
Cost of a healthy diet per capita
3.4 PPP dollar/capita/day
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
5%
Northern Europe
3%
World
37%
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
5%
Share of the population whose food budget is less than the cost of a healthy diet
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
249.8
Northern Europe
273.8
World
256.7
g/capita/day
Availability of fruits
249.8 g/capita/day
Amount of fruits—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
313.6
Northern Europe
328.5
World
278.9
g/capita/day
Availability of vegetables
313.6 g/capita/day
Amount of vegetables—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
97%
Northern Europe
99%
World
68%
Percent of the population using safely managed drinking water services
97%
Share of the population that gets drinking water from an improved source, providing the clean water essential for food security (SDG 6.1.1)
2022
Estonia
1,092.9
Northern Europe
1,245.8
World
155.1
current PPP dollar/capita/year
Retail value (total sales) of ultra-processed foods per capita
1,092.9 current PPP dollar/capita/year
Annual perperson sales of ultra-processed foods, which are known to be associated with poor health outcomes
2021
Northern Europe
NaN%
World
66%
MDD-W: Minimum dietary diversity for women
No Data
Share of women who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
Northern Europe
NaN%
World
39%
All-5: Consumption of all five food groups
No Data
Share of the adult population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption
Northern Europe
NaN
World
3.8
NCD-Protect
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices protective against noncommunicable diseases, like eating enough fiber, on a scale from 0 to 9
Northern Europe
NaN
World
2.1
NCD-Risk
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices known to raise the risk of noncommunicable diseases, like eating too much sugar, on a scale from 0 to 9
Northern Europe
NaN%
World
11%
Adults: Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of adults who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
Northern Europe
NaN%
World
19%
Adults: Soft drink consumption
No Data
Share of adults who consumed a sugar-sweetened soft drink, which are generally known to be unhealthy, during the previous day
Estonia
3%
Northern Europe
3%
World
11%
POU: Prevalence of undernourishment
3%
Share of the population that goes hungry—that is, lacks enough calories for a healthy, active life (SDG 2.1.1)
2004
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
9%
Northern Europe
5%
World
31%
Percent of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity
9%
Share of the population experiencing food insecurity, measured according to the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) (SDG 2.1.2)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Northern Europe
NaN%
World
32%
MDD (IYCF): Minimum dietary diversity for infants and young children
No Data
Share of young children who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
Source: UNICEF
Northern Europe
NaN
World
39
% population 6-23 months
Children (6-23 months): Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of young children who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Environment, natural resources, and production
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Estonia
4.2
Northern Europe
6.1
World
4.2
tonnes/ha
Cereals yield
4.2 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
2.3
Northern Europe
12.9
World
13.8
tonnes/ha
Fruit yield
2.3 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
25
Northern Europe
22
World
20.1
tonnes/ha
Vegetable yield
25 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
91,438
Northern Europe
78,432.7
World
22,628.8
100 g/animal
Cow's milk yield
91,438 100 g/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2017
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
254.7
Northern Europe
317.4
World
221
kg/animal
Beef yield
254.7 kg/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Northern Europe
46.9
World
21.2
Fishery health index progress score
No Data
An indicator summarizing the availability and sustainability of fish, which are at risk of overfishing or environmental degradation
Source: Minderoo Foundation
Estonia
9,438.3
Northern Europe
32,584.5
World
83,692.6
kT CO2eq
Agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions
9,438.3 kT CO2eq
Estonia
0.2
Northern Europe
0.2
World
0.2
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cereals (excluding rice)
0.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cereals (excluding rice)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Northern Europe
NaN
World
1.1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for rice
No Data
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of rice
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
0.5
Northern Europe
0.6
World
1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cow's milk
0.5 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cow's milk
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
36.8
Northern Europe
18.7
World
28.3
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for beef
36.8 kg CO2eq/kg product
Estonia
0
Northern Europe
0
World
0
% change
Cropland area change
0% change
Average percentage change in cropland over the previous five years; expanding cropland is a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss and greenhouse gas emissions
2021
Source: FSCI
Estonia
74
Northern Europe
50
World
43
% agricultural land
Functional integrity: Agricultural land with minimum level of natural habitat
74% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land area with enough semi-natural or natural habitat, relative to the amount of cropland or rangeland, to maintain biodiversity and functioning ecosystems
2015
Source: DeClerck et al. 2021
Estonia
0%
Northern Europe
2%
World
17%
Agriculture water withdrawal as percent of total renewable water resources
0%
Water withdrawn for irrigation each year, as a percentage of the total renewable water resources available
2020
Source: AQUASTAT
Estonia
1.3
Northern Europe
1.8
World
2.3
kg/ha
Pesticide use per area of cropland
1.3 kg/ha
The use of pesticides per area of cropland (kg active ingredient per hectare); pesticide use can cause pollution and harm health
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Livelihoods, Poverty, and Equity
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Estonia
3
Northern Europe
1
World
4
% GDP
Share of agriculture in GDP
3% GDP
Percentage of a country’s GDP derived from agriculture, a measure of the level of economic development of the country
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Estonia
5
Northern Europe
3
World
4
% working age population
Unemployment rate (Rural)
5% working age population
Estonia
1
Northern Europe
1
World
6
% working age population
Underemployment rate (Rural)
1% working age population
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are underemployed (i.e., worked fewer hours than expected)
2022
Source: ILO
Northern Europe
81
World
58
% population
Social protection coverage
No Data
Percentage of people who live in households that benefit from social protection programs, like cash transfers and health insurance
Source: World Bank
Northern Europe
33
World
23
% welfare of beneficiary households
Social protection adequacy
No Data
An indicator showing the extent to which social protection is sufficient to meet household needs
Source: World Bank
Northern Europe
NaN
World
8
% children 5-17
Percent of children 5-17 years engaged in child labor
No Data
Percentage of children ages 5–17 who are engaged in child labor, the majority of which is known to be in the food system and specifically in agriculture
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Governance
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Estonia
0.9
Northern Europe
0.9
World
0.6
Civil society participation index
0.9
An indicator capturing the level of participation in civil society organizations
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Estonia
0%
Northern Europe
21%
World
8%
Percent of the urban population living in cities signed onto the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
0%
Percentage of the urban population that lives in cities signed on to the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, suggesting prioritization of food issues in urban planning
2020
Northern Europe
NaN
World
NaN
Degree of legal recognition of the right to food
No Data
Northern Europe
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of a national food system transformation pathway
No Data
Estonia
1.3
Northern Europe
1.4
World
0
Government effectiveness index
1.3
An index capturing the perception of how effective the government is in making and enforcing policies and providing services
2022
Source: World Governance Indicators
Estonia
80
Northern Europe
97.4
World
69.5
Food safety capacity
80
Whether functioning mechanisms exist to detect and respond to foodborne disease issues, measured as the percentage of a set of criteria met
2020
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory
Northern Europe
NaN
World
NaN
Presence of national health-related food environment policies
No Data
Whether the country has any health-related food taxes, which are used to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods
Estonia
1.8
Northern Europe
1.7
World
0.2
V-Dem accountability index
1.8
An index capturing the extent to which the government is seen as being accountable for its actions
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Northern Europe
75.8
World
43
Open budget index score
No Data
A score based on how easily the public can access information about how the government raises and spends money
Source: International Budget Partnership
Northern Europe
NaN
World
NaN
Guarantees for public access to information
No Data
Whether the country has and implements guarantees for access to information (SDG 16.10.2)
Source: Sustainable Development Goals
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Resilience
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Northern Europe
NaN
World
NaN
Ratio of total damages from all disasters to GDP
No Data
Cost of all damage from natural disasters, as a percentage of GDP
Source: EM-DAT
Estonia
0.8
Northern Europe
0.9
World
0.7
Dietary sourcing flexibility index
0.8
An index capturing the diversity of pathways through which food reaches consumers, indicating how difficult it is to disrupt the food supply
2019
Source:
FAO
Estonia
155
Northern Europe
125.9
World
110.1
Number per 100 people
Mobile cellular subscriptions
155 Number per 100 people
Number of mobile phone subscriptions as a percentage of the population, indicating the level of infrastructure and access to information to respond to shocks
2022
Estonia
0.6
Northern Europe
0.7
World
0.5
Social capital index
0.6
An index for the social capital in the country—how much people feel they can trust and can rely on their government and one another
2021
Source: Legatum InstituteFSCI
Estonia
39
Northern Europe
19
World
25
% agricultural land
Proportion of agricultural land with minimum level of species diversity (crop and pasture)
39% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land (crop and pasture) containing a sufficient diversity of species, which helps cope with shocks and changes
2020
Source:
Jones et al. 2021
Estonia
3,336
Northern Europe
103,163.9
World
163,165.1
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
3,336
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Northern Europe
7
World
3.8
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
No Data
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
Source: FAOSTAT
Northern Europe
NaN
World
0.4
Prevalence of severe coping strategies
No Data
Percentage of high-risk populations who need to rely on extreme strategies to cope with food insecurity
Source:
WFP
Estonia
0.4
Northern Europe
0.6
World
0.7
Food price volatility
0.4
Estonia
65
Northern Europe
31.7
World
32.2
kcal/capita/day
Food supply variability per capita
65 kcal/capita/day
How much the food supply (in calories per person per day) varies over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable
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