FSCI Indicators Breakdown
The Food Systems Countdown Initiative (FSCI) is a collaborative interdisciplinary effort to monitor global food systems. The FSCI developed a framework that includes five themes: (1) diets, nutrition, and health; (2) environment, natural resources, and production; (3) livelihoods, poverty, and equity; (4) governance; and (5) resilience and identified 50 indicators across these themes. This page presents national level data for these 50 indicators for Spain.
Spain income group: High Income
Comparison
Spain
Southern Europe
World
Diets, Nutrition, and Health
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Spain
2.91
Southern Europe
3.19
World
3.32
PPP dollar/capita/day
Cost of a healthy diet per capita
2.91 PPP dollar/capita/day
Per-person cost of the least expensive locally available foods to meet daily needs, based on food-based dietary guidelines
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
9%
Southern Europe
10%
World
37%
Percent of the population who cannot afford a healthy diet
9%
Share of the population whose food budget is less than the cost of a healthy diet
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
319.5
Southern Europe
345.9
World
256.7
g/capita/day
Availability of fruits
319.5 g/capita/day
Amount of fruits—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
296.9
Southern Europe
495.4
World
278.9
g/capita/day
Availability of vegetables
296.9 g/capita/day
Amount of vegetables—an underconsumed yet highly nutritious food group—available in a country’s food supply per capita per day
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
99%
Southern Europe
93%
World
68%
Percent of the population using safely managed drinking water services
99%
Share of the population that gets drinking water from an improved source, providing the clean water essential for food security (SDG 6.1.1)
2022
Spain
872.5
Southern Europe
789.5
World
155.1
current PPP dollar/capita/year
Retail value (total sales) of ultra-processed foods per capita
872.5 current PPP dollar/capita/year
Annual perperson sales of ultra-processed foods, which are known to be associated with poor health outcomes
2021
Southern Europe
78%
World
66%
MDD-W: Minimum dietary diversity for women
No Data
Share of women who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
Southern Europe
34%
World
39%
All-5: Consumption of all five food groups
No Data
Share of the adult population consuming all five food groups typically recommended for daily consumption
Southern Europe
3.3
World
3.8
NCD-Protect
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices protective against noncommunicable diseases, like eating enough fiber, on a scale from 0 to 9
Southern Europe
2.4
World
2.1
NCD-Risk
No Data
Average score for adults on an indicator of dietary practices known to raise the risk of noncommunicable diseases, like eating too much sugar, on a scale from 0 to 9
Southern Europe
4%
World
11%
Adults: Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of adults who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
Southern Europe
26%
World
19%
Adults: Soft drink consumption
No Data
Share of adults who consumed a sugar-sweetened soft drink, which are generally known to be unhealthy, during the previous day
Southern Europe
3%
World
11%
POU: Prevalence of undernourishment
No Data
Share of the population that goes hungry—that is, lacks enough calories for a healthy, active life (SDG 2.1.1)
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
10%
Southern Europe
11%
World
29%
Percent of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity
10%
Share of the population experiencing food insecurity, measured according to the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) (SDG 2.1.2)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Southern Europe
72%
World
32%
MDD (IYCF): Minimum dietary diversity for infants and young children
No Data
Share of young children who consumed at least the minimum recommended food groups the previous day, which makes it more likely they consume adequate micronutrients
Source: UNICEF
Southern Europe
10
World
39
% population 6-23 months
Children (6-23 months): Zero fruit or vegetable consumption
No Data
Share of young children who did not consume any fruits or vegetables the previous day
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Environment, natural resources, and production
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Spain
0.3
Southern Europe
0.4
World
0.4
tonnes/ha
Cereals yield
0.3 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
1.1
Southern Europe
1.3
World
1.4
tonnes/ha
Fruit yield
1.1 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
3.8
Southern Europe
2.9
World
2
tonnes/ha
Vegetable yield
3.8 tonnes/ha
Yield, or production per unit area (tonnes per hectare)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
92,038
Southern Europe
74,345.1
World
22,628.8
100 g/animal
Cow's milk yield
92,038 100 g/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
281.8
Southern Europe
263.4
World
221
kg/animal
Beef yield
281.8 kg/animal
Yield, or production per animal (100 g per animal)—an indicator of how efficient production is
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
27.8
Southern Europe
24.7
World
21.2
Fishery health index progress score
27.8
An indicator summarizing the availability and sustainability of fish, which are at risk of overfishing or environmental degradation
2021
Source: Minderoo Foundation
Spain
92,453.4
Southern Europe
23,021.3
World
83,692.6
kT CO2eq
Agri-food systems greenhouse gas emissions
92,453.4 kT CO2eq
Spain
0.2
Southern Europe
0.2
World
0.2
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cereals (excluding rice)
0.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cereals (excluding rice)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
3.2
Southern Europe
2.7
World
1.1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for rice
3.2 kg CO2eq/kg product
Spain
0.5
Southern Europe
0.7
World
1
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for cow's milk
0.5 kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions (kg CO2 equivalents) per kilogram produced of cow's milk
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
18
Southern Europe
16.9
World
28.3
kg CO2eq/kg product
Greenhouse gas emissions intensity for beef
18 kg CO2eq/kg product
Spain
-1
Southern Europe
-0
World
0
% change
Cropland area change
-1% change
Average percentage change in cropland over the previous five years; expanding cropland is a major driver of biodiversity and ecosystem service loss and greenhouse gas emissions
2021
Source: FSCI
Spain
39
Southern Europe
39
World
43
% agricultural land
Functional integrity: Agricultural land with minimum level of natural habitat
39% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land area with enough semi-natural or natural habitat, relative to the amount of cropland or rangeland, to maintain biodiversity and functioning ecosystems
2015
Source: DeClerck et al. 2021
Spain
17%
Southern Europe
11%
World
17%
Agriculture water withdrawal as percent of total renewable water resources
17%
Water withdrawn for irrigation each year, as a percentage of the total renewable water resources available
2020
Source: AQUASTAT
Spain
4.6
Southern Europe
4
World
2.3
kg/ha
Pesticide use per area of cropland
4.6 kg/ha
The use of pesticides per area of cropland (kg active ingredient per hectare); pesticide use can cause pollution and harm health
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Livelihoods, Poverty, and Equity
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Spain
2
Southern Europe
2
World
4
% GDP
Share of agriculture in GDP
2% GDP
Percentage of a country’s GDP derived from agriculture, a measure of the level of economic development of the country
2022
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
13
Southern Europe
9
World
4
% working age population
Unemployment rate (Rural)
13% working age population
Southern Europe
4
World
6
% working age population
Underemployment rate (Rural)
No Data
Percentage of working-age people in rural areas who are underemployed (i.e., worked fewer hours than expected)
Source: ILO
Southern Europe
59
World
58
% population
Social protection coverage
No Data
Percentage of people who live in households that benefit from social protection programs, like cash transfers and health insurance
Source: World Bank
Southern Europe
88
World
23
% welfare of beneficiary households
Social protection adequacy
No Data
An indicator showing the extent to which social protection is sufficient to meet household needs
Source: World Bank
Southern Europe
6
World
8
% children 5-17
Percent of children 5-17 years engaged in child labor
No Data
Percentage of children ages 5–17 who are engaged in child labor, the majority of which is known to be in the food system and specifically in agriculture
Source: UNICEF
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Governance
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Spain
0.9
Southern Europe
0.9
World
0.6
Civil society participation index
0.9
An indicator capturing the level of participation in civil society organizations
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Spain
19%
Southern Europe
27%
World
8%
Percent of the urban population living in cities signed onto the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact
19%
Percentage of the urban population that lives in cities signed on to the Milan Urban Food Policy Pact, suggesting prioritization of food issues in urban planning
2023
Degree of legal recognition of the right to food
No Data
Presence of a national food system transformation pathway
No Data
Spain
0.9
Southern Europe
0.6
World
0
Government effectiveness index
0.9
An index capturing the perception of how effective the government is in making and enforcing policies and providing services
2022
Source: World Governance Indicators
Spain
80
Southern Europe
87.8
World
69.5
Food safety capacity
80
Whether functioning mechanisms exist to detect and respond to foodborne disease issues, measured as the percentage of a set of criteria met
2020
Source: WHO Global Health Observatory
Presence of national health-related food environment policies
No Data
Whether the country has any health-related food taxes, which are used to discourage consumption of unhealthy foods
Spain
1.7
Southern Europe
1.5
World
0.2
V-Dem accountability index
1.7
An index capturing the extent to which the government is seen as being accountable for its actions
2022
Source: Varieties of Democracy
Spain
54
Southern Europe
62.7
World
43
Open budget index score
54
A score based on how easily the public can access information about how the government raises and spends money
2021
Source: International Budget Partnership
Guarantees for public access to information
No Data
Whether the country has and implements guarantees for access to information (SDG 16.10.2)
Source: Sustainable Development Goals
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Resilience
Less Desirable
More Desirable
Ratio of total damages from all disasters to GDP
No Data
Cost of all damage from natural disasters, as a percentage of GDP
Source: EM-DAT
Spain
0.9
Southern Europe
0.9
World
0.7
Dietary sourcing flexibility index
0.9
An index capturing the diversity of pathways through which food reaches consumers, indicating how difficult it is to disrupt the food supply
2019
Source:
FAO
Spain
124.1
Southern Europe
126
World
110.1
Number per 100 people
Mobile cellular subscriptions
124.1 Number per 100 people
Number of mobile phone subscriptions as a percentage of the population, indicating the level of infrastructure and access to information to respond to shocks
2022
Spain
0.4
Southern Europe
0.4
World
0.5
Social capital index
0.4
An index for the social capital in the country—how much people feel they can trust and can rely on their government and one another
2021
Source: Legatum InstituteFSCI
Spain
42
Southern Europe
48
World
25
% agricultural land
Proportion of agricultural land with minimum level of species diversity (crop and pasture)
42% agricultural land
Percentage of agricultural land (crop and pasture) containing a sufficient diversity of species, which helps cope with shocks and changes
2020
Source:
Jones et al. 2021
Spain
78,782
Southern Europe
48,922
World
163,165.1
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
78,782
Number of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Spain
24
Southern Europe
14.3
World
3.8
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in either medium- or long-term conservation facilities
24
Number of animal genetic resources for food and agriculture secured in medium- or long-term conservation facilities (SDG 2.5.1)
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
World
0.4
Prevalence of severe coping strategies
No Data
Percentage of high-risk populations who need to rely on extreme strategies to cope with food insecurity
Source:
WFP
Spain
0.7
Southern Europe
0.6
World
0.7
Food price volatility
0.7
Spain
25
Southern Europe
30.9
World
32.2
kcal/capita/day
Food supply variability per capita
25 kcal/capita/day
How much the food supply (in calories per person per day) varies over time, indicating how well the food system can respond to shocks
2021
Source: FAOSTAT
Less Desirable
More Desirable